![]() In 1997, Hubble astronomers looked at the nearest “mini-quasar,” the brilliant core of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. Next, Hubble greatly bolstered the idea of supermassive black holes by measuring their masses, providing the first observational measurements that proved their existence. Engorged with gas, the black hole loses some material to blazing jets that shoot out of a galaxy’s center like a blowtorch, which are easily resolved by Hubble. Hubble revealed that most of the galaxies were seen in the process of colliding with other galaxies, and, according to theory, these violent encounters would fuel a central black hole. These galaxies are greatly outshined by the quasar’s “floodlight-beam” brilliance. Because of Hubble’s ability to discern faint objects in the vicinity of bright objects, the telescope made definitive observations showing that quasars (very distant, compact sources of intense radiation) dwell in the cores of galaxies. In the early 1990s, Hubble began to provide compelling circumstantial evidence for the existence of gargantuan black holes measuring millions or billions of times the mass of our Sun. The black hole is 15 times the mass of our Sun. In the early 1970s, the first black-hole candidate, Cygnus X-1, was discovered in X-rays coming from superheated material swirling around a black hole orbiting a normal star. The actual term “black hole” wasn’t coined until six decades later by astrophysicist John Wheeler. His theory described an event horizon swallowing light, which would prohibit telescopes from ever directly seeing such objects. Hubble’s sharp vision has helped astronomers solve a number of mysteries about supermassive black holes, including their abundance and their influence on galaxies in the evolving universe.Įinstein’s theory of general relativity first described the characteristics of such hypothesized gravitationally collapsed objects. This is clear evidence that the region harbors a massive black hole because it contains only a fraction of the number of stars that would be necessary to create such a powerful attraction. This high velocity is the signature of the tremendous gravitational field at the center of M87. The gas on the other side of the disk is orbiting around at the same speed, but in the opposite direction. Four Successful Women Behind the Hubble Space Telescope's AchievementsĪ schematic diagram of velocity measurements of a rotating disk of hot gas in the core of active galaxy M87.The gas on one side of the disk is speeding away from Earth, at about 1.2 million miles per hour.Characterizing Planets Around Other Stars.Measuring the Universe's Expansion Rate.The presently estimated black hole mass function also implies that the HXRB has been produced by a numerous population (∼ 10 −2 Mpc −3) of moderately massive ( M BH ∼ 10 7 M⊙) black holes. As for the former, continuous long-lived AGN activity is excluded by the present data with high significance, whereas the assumption of a short-lived, possibly recurrent, activity pattern gives remarkable agreement. ![]() This is compared with current models of quasar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and of the origin of the hard X-ray background (HXRB). Using the tight dependence of total radio power on M BH and the rich statistics of radio emission of galaxies, we derive an estimate of the mass function of remnants in the nearby Universe. This, together with the lack of significant correlations with the low-energy X-ray and far-IR flux, supports the view that advection-dominated accretion is ruling the energy output in the low accretion rate regime. The high-frequency radio power is thus a very good tracer of a supermassive black hole, and a good estimator of its mass. A remarkably tight relationship is also found with both nuclear and total radio centimetric flux, with a very steep dependence of the radio flux on M BH ( P ∝ M 2.5 BH). ![]() We confirm an almost linear scaling of the black hole mass with the baryonic mass of the host spheroidal galaxy. Using recently published estimates - based on high spatial resolution spectroscopy - of the mass M BH of nuclear black holes for a sample of nearby galaxies, we explore the dependence of galaxy nucleus emissivity at various wavelengths on M BH. ![]()
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![]() ![]() There is a slider that does this, and you can make them larger or smaller. By following the steps in this guide you will be changing the size of the dock icons that appear at the bottom of your screen. chkdsk The Disk Doctor When it comes to keeping your hard drives in tip-top shape, chkdsk is the go-to tool. The steps in this article were performed on a MacBook Air in macOS High Sierra. This nifty command: Scans your system files for corruption or tampering Replaces damaged files with a cached copy Saves you from many a headache caused by rogue software or hardware hiccups 3. How to Change the Size of MacBook Dock Icons Our article on how to switch iPad icons at bottom of screen will show you how to make that change on Apple’s tablet. Docking stations for Apple MacBook at Coolblue: free delivery & returns. Sign up with your Apple ID to get started. Buy Docking station for Apple MacBook Delivered on Sunday and in the evening. 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Section 523(a)(6) excepts from discharge any debt for willful and malicious injury by the debtor to another entity or to the property of another entity. Clearly, this section prohibits discharge for debts that result from a bad act of the debtor, and serves a punitive function by not allowing a debtor to use the bankruptcy system to avoid debts when the debtor acted wrongfully in incurring those debts. Discharge of debt provides the fresh start for debtors on which the bankruptcy system rests, but the Code also protects the interests of creditors who would otherwise have their claims against the debtor discharged. ![]() While many areas of the Bankruptcy Code provide examples of this balancing act, perhaps no area of the Code embodies this balance better than discharge of debt. Abraham Lincoln Quotes With Malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nations wounds. ![]() The federal bankruptcy system strikes a balance between the rights of debtors seeking a fresh start and the rights of creditors seeking repayment for debt. On March 4, 1865, only 41 days before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office for the second time. Fans of his superb writing will be delighted with all nine tracks on this IPO CD, not only due to the all-star cast with Kenny Barron, Roger Kellaway, James. ![]() ![]() ![]() After the download, the operating system reports that the application has not been signed and reminds you that the default security preferences prevent you from running such applications. Information for Mac Maverick (10.9) and Mountain Lion (10.8) Users (). ![]() For an overview over new features, see FreeMind 1.0.0: The New Features. The most important usability addition is the spell checker (thanks to Eike). Especially clones, collaboration and geographical maps are the major new functions. The release has a lot of new functions (in comparison with the 0.9.0 release two years ago). For details see the Open-Discussion Page (' Mac Mountain Lion users see below! ) ().' New release FreeMind 1.0.1 available for download. See also: Open-Discussion Page with download link (Mac Mountain Lion users see below! ) (). For the overview of new features, see here: FreeMind 1.1.0: The New Features. See also: Open-Discussion Page with download link (Mac users see below! ) (). FreeMind 1.0.1 was downloaded over 5,800,000 times. Get yourself what more than 500 users download each day. Do you want to refactor your essays in a similar way you would refactor software? Or do you want to keep personal knowledge base, which is easy to manage? Why don't you try FreeMind? Do you want to prioritize, know where you are, where you've been and where you are heading,Īs Stephen Covey would advise you? Have you tried FreeMind to keep track of all the things that are needed for that?ĭid FreeMind make you angry? Write a complaint. So you want to write a completely new metaphysics? Why don't you use FreeMind? You have a tool at hand that remarkably resembles the tray slips of Robert Pirsig, described in his sequel to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance called Lila. We are proud that the operation and navigation of FreeMind is faster than that of MindManager because of one-click "fold / unfold" and "follow link" operations. The recent development has hopefully turned it into high productivity tool. FreeMind is a premier free mind-mapping software written in Java. ![]() ![]() Marius, who under his father's posthumous influence has just switched his allegiance from the monarchy to Napoleon, falls into a state of intellectual bewilderment. He takes refuge in the Latin Quarter and falls in with a group of radical students, the Friends of the A.B.C. A fortuitous conversation reveals to Marius the depths of his father's love for him, and indignant at his grandfather's deception, he leaves home. Consequently, the young man reacts almost impassively to his father's death. He has completed the estrangement by communicating his aversion for Pontmercy to Marius. Gillenormand, by threatening to disinherit Marius, has forced Georges Pontmercy to relinquish custody of his son. In a nearby town, Georges Pontmercy, Marius' father, a hero of the Napoleonic wars, lives in retirement. Marius is a seventeen-year-old who lives with his grandfather, M. Hugo now turns to another leading character, Marius. Valjean and Cosette spend several happy years in the isolation of the convent. With the cooperation of the gardener, Fauchelevent, a man whose life he has saved in the past, Valjean persuades the prioress to take him on as assistant gardener and to enroll Cosette as a pupil. After a hectic chase and imminent capture, he finds a miraculous refuge in a convent. In spite of his precautions, however, Javert manages to track him down. In Paris, he lives like a recluse in a dilapidated tenement, the Gorbeau House, in an outlying district. After burying his money in the woods, he frees Cosette from the Thénardiers' abominable guardianship and takes her into the protective anonymity of Paris. He uses his precarious freedom to go to Montfermeil, the location of the Thénardiers' inn. He plunges into the sea and manages to escape by establishing the belief that he has drowned. One day he saves a sailor about to fall from the rigging. That same night Valjean escapes, but he is quickly recaptured and sent to Toulon, a military port. The shocking scene kills the young woman. A few days later, he is arrested by Javert at Fantine's bedside. ![]() At Arras, the seat of the trial, he dramatically exonerates the accused. After a night of agonizing moral conflict, Madeleine decides to confess his past. A man has been arrested as Jean Valjean and is about to be condemned for his crimes. Madeleine, however, is faced with serious problems. Madeleine promises to bring her daughter, Cosette, to her. She catches a fever, however, and her health deteriorates dangerously. Only Madeleine's forceful intervention keeps her out of jail. Tormented by a local idler, she causes a disturbance and is arrested by Inspector Javert. Defeated by her difficulties, Fantine turns to prostitution. Unfortunately she is fired and, at the same time, must meet increasing financial demands by the Thénardiers. In Montreuil, Fantine finds a job in Madeleine's factory and attains a modicum of prosperity. On the road, she entrusts her daughter to an innkeeper and his wife, the Thénardiers. Alone and burdened with an illegitimate child, she is on the way back to her hometown of Montreuil, to find a job. Next, Hugo introduces the pathetic young girl Fantine. Madeleine he starts a factory and brings prosperity to the town of Montreuil. After one more theft, Jean Valjean does indeed repent. With a pious lie, he convinces them that the convict has promised to reform. When the police bring him back, the bishop protects his errant guest by pretending that the silverware is a gift. Valjean repays his host's hospitality by stealing his silverware. Only the saintly bishop, Monseigneur Myriel, welcomes him. At Digne, he is repeatedly refused shelter for the night. Jean Valjean, after spending nineteen years in jail and in the galleys for stealing a loaf of bread and for several attempts to escape, is finally released, but his past keeps haunting him. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() If you’re a fan of driving simulation games, Bus Simulator Indonesia is a must-have on your Android device. Released in early 2017, the game takes you on a journey through Indonesia’s bus routes, from the bustling cities to the scenic countryside. The game features over 50 unique routes, dozens of buses and drivers, realistic traffic physics, and high-quality graphics that will transport you to Indonesia’s incredible landscape. What’s more exciting than cruising around in a bus? Driving one, of course! And what’s even better is that you can do it in style with the Bus Simulator Indonesia Mod APK. This free game allows you to take on the role of a bus driver, navigating your way through challenging stages while trying to make as much money as possible. So whether you’re a fan of public transportation or just want to try out a new driving game, be sure to download the Bus Simulator Indonesia Mod APK! What Is Bus Simulator Indonesia Mod APK?īus Simulator Indonesia Mod APK is a free and unofficial Android mod that adds new buses, routes, and scenarios to the original game. The mod was created by a group of Indonesian developers, and it has been downloaded more than 2 million times since it was released in 2016. The toolkit includes thousands of assets for use in new mods, custom road editor tools and an. Bus Simulator 18 Mods & amp Tools Let your imagination run wild and create routes, build your own buses, design bus liveries, create new maps and share them with the community. The Bus Simulator Mod Kit grants modders the ability to create and share custom buses, new cities and much more. In this game, you can drive different types of buses with all the fundamental features as you are driving in real life, such as brake, accelerator, Headlight, turn-on signal, Steering wheel, danger light, doors, wipers, etc. The Bus Simulator Indonesia Mod APK is based on the original game, which was created by Polish developer SCS Software. Today, astragon Entertainment and stillalive studios released fully-featured modding tools for Bus Simulator 18 on the Epic Games launcher. Bus Simulator Indonesia Mod APK has a straightforward interface and easy gameplay. However, the mod updates the game with new buses, routes, and scenarios. This means that players can experience different parts of Indonesia in a different way. One example is the route from Jakarta to Bandung, which includes stops at popular tourist destinations like Bogor Botanical Garden and Gili Trawangan. The Bus Simulator Indonesia Mod APK is available for free on Google Play Store.īus Simulator Indonesia is a mobile video game based on the bus simulator franchise developed by GIANTS Software. The first game in the series was released on November 20, 2009. ![]() ![]() I'm not sure if even word2vec made a significant impact there, despite the then-impressive ability for it to embed words into a vector space such that "king" - "man" + "woman" ≈ "queen"Įxplain the Einstein field equations in the style of an ancient Greek epic poem. To the best of my knowledge, before the transformer model, the state of the art for natural language processing was looking out for pre-programmed keywords for actions, and simply summing the total of "good minus bad" for sentiment analysis. I am literally a series of chemical reactions and yet, that kind of description is generally regarded as overly reductionist. ![]() That means there will be a role for humans in the economy for quite a long time (possibly forever). The inability of AI to experience human feelings for itself means it will have to rely on humans to help it provide economic goods and services that are maximally useful. That means some other human being would be necessary to input that as a design constraint into the AI's architecture program. The AI couldn't have learned from me (since I didn't consciously know that), and the AI couldn't have learned that sitting next to windows generated happiness for itself either. How would an AI know to tell me to design my home office with a big window when I didn't even know that was necessary myself? ![]() I didn't realize how much happier I was when I worked next to windows (as opposed to working in the interior of a room) until I was in my mid twenties. Even if an AI can learn to design a house that is more earthquake-proof than any human design of the same cost, the AI can't decorate the interior without understanding human psychology both at the general level of the average human and the specific level of the human who will be using the house. The economy serves humans as the end users of goods and services. We can't really stop it, even if we tried - other actors good/bad are going to be using AI, it's part of our lives now for better or worse. The world of the next 20 years, is going to change as much as the change from before electricity to the 1920s when it was mainstream. What's the point of better productivity at Ford or GM if nobody is buying cars anymore? Part of me is worried, part of me says rip the bandaid off, let's get to UBI, and other programs -as people can't stay rich or get richer if nobody can buy products. I think, assuming it doesn't kill us - the faster we get to an economy where only 5-10% of the people are employable, the faster we get to post scarcity, and MORE equality/egalitarianism (if accelerationism doesn't lead to the opposite outcome, walled cities for elites, wastelands for everybody else). It is, he wrote, “the single biggest explanation” for the rising concentration of wealth. > The pursuit of human-like capabilities, Brynjolfsson argued, has led to technologies that simply replace people with machines, driving down wages and exacerbating inequality of wealth and income. I sincerely doubt the nontechnical people in the meetings would get a good enough answer from ChatGPT that fast and they certainly wouldn't want to slam their head against a wall learning everything the dev already knows, no less in a higher level and imprecise "natural" language. I don't think it gets much faster than that. They read the docs for about 5 minutes and then get things done in the precious couple of hours they have between meetings. Shouldn't be a surprise, but a mid to senior engineer doesn't spend their whole day googling stuff to copy and paste. ![]() Seems like the current state of chat bots is that it's slower than either making a regular search or simply just knowing what to write in the first place. ![]() code that compiles and does what they want) the answers can still be objectively worse than search results for stackoverflow or github in many cases. If the user is skilled enough at prompt engineering to get good answers (i.e. AI will make jobs just more specialised and output of knowledge worker a lot faster. ![]() |